How familiar are you with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? Unfortunately, every year more website owners are learning the hard way when they are sued for their non-compliance with the ADA. The ADA was established to ensure that individuals with disabilities are given fair and equal access to housing, employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications, and government programs or services down to the municipal level.
Seyfarth Shaw LLP, a leading international law firm, reports that in 2022, there were 3,255 lawsuits filed in federal courts âalleging that plaintiffs with a disability could not use websites because they were not designed to be accessible and/or work with assistive technologies.â Every year since 2010 this number has increased by 10% or more. Website-related accessibility litigation now makes up 37% of all ADA Title III lawsuits.
So what does it mean to be âWordPress ADA-compliant?â
The ADA Applies Online Too
The ADA legislation has made it very clear that accessibility for disabled people isnât just something that takes place in the physical world. It also applies to the digital spaces where many of us work and spend a lot of time. Workplaces and public spaces or offices providing key services need to be accessible to everyone. Websites do too.
The ADA explicitly states that individuals must adhere to its accessibility policies if they are a private employer with a minimum of 15 staff members.
And the digital world includes the WordPress website that you own and operate.
This is why itâs necessary to build WordPress sites that are fully compliant with the ADA.
The good news is that plenty of software programs and specialized tools will help you become ADA-compliant as a WordPress site owner. Follow a few established practices and put some important tools to use. This will ensure that your site content is available and accessible to everyone, including individuals with disabilities.
In this guide, weâll dive into the Americans with Disabilities Act and why you need to comply with it in your online properties to avoid potential legal action. There are plenty of other reasons to build accessible websites too, and they have direct benefits to site owners.
Finally, weâll talk you through the four key accessibility tips that you can put to use starting today.
Letâs take a look.
Why Your WordPress Website Needs To Be ADA-Compliant
The ADA, or the Americans with Disabilities Act, is a law that addresses potential discrimination against individuals suffering from disabilities.
United States federal law includes strong protections that completely prohibit any business from denying jobs or housing based on an individualâs physical abilities.
The ADA demands fair access to:
- Public spaces
- Transportation
- Education
- âŠand moreâŠ
Beyond the physical world, the ADA protections extend to all information technology and electronic accessibility as well.
Because of this, ADA compliance impacts nearly every published website. And even if the law didnât exist, itâs still a great practice to ensure that your WordPress site is accessible to as many users as possible.
More specifically, the ADA explicitly states that individuals must adhere to its accessibility policies if they are a private employer with a minimum of 15 staff members.
Additionally, ADA compliance is mandatory if you own a business that operates for the public benefit, like a registered charity.
Beyond that, all local and state government agency websites, including sites for schools, must be 100% ADA-compliant.
What Does It Mean to Have a WordPress ADA-Compliant Website?
Letâs first take a look at a few of the website accessibility standards enforced by the ADA:
- An ADA-compliant website must enable site users who are visually impaired to perceive the content of your site by using screen readers.
- The site must provide transcriptions or subtitles of all audio content. This allows deaf users to ingest the siteâs content.
- It needs to feature supporting keyboard navigation so users who arenât able to utilize a traditional computer mouse will be able to navigate the site.
- A WordPress ADA-compliant site will implement an accessible visual design that helps accommodate users who are color blind or have photosensitivity.
Keep in mind that this is not a comprehensive list of ADA-compliant standards. As we progress through this guide, weâll get further into the full details of how your WordPress site can meet all ADA requirements. As we move on with the technical aspects of accessibility, keep that big picture (and its benefits) in mind.
What are the Possible Consequences of Not Having an ADA-Compliant WordPress Website?
Remember, if your site doesnât fully meet these standards, you could find yourself in some trouble with the law. This can be the case even if you didnât intend to exclude individuals with disabilities from being able to easily access and use your WordPress website. In fact, in the case of ADA compliance, the intent is separate from the law.
Even without intent, there could still be solid grounds for someone to file a lawsuit against you and your business.
And this isnât a theoretical threat. In recent years, several high-profile lawsuits concerning websites complying with the ADA have been filed. The most widely covered of these lawsuits was against the Dominoâs Pizza brand. This case went all the way to the United States Supreme Court.
Building a WordPress site thatâs more accessible to people with disabilities isnât just the right thing to do. It can also greatly benefit your brand and overall business.
According to the WHO (World Health Organization), about 1.3 billion people across the world have at least one type of disability. This is about 16% of the entire worldâs population. This is a lot of potential new customers and viewers of your site.
What Did Target Learn from Losing an Accessibility Lawsuit?
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Accessibility Initiative offers a case study of an influential, early ADA lawsuit against a major US corporationâs accessibility-challenged website: target.com. The National Federation of the Blind (NFB) was successful as the plaintiff in this case because Targetâs website lacked key accessibility features:
- alternative (alt) text that describes images for visually impaired people using screen readers
- keyboard controls for completing online purchases without using a mouse
- accessible image maps showing store locations
- proper standards-compliant semantic HTML page design with headings that assist site navigation
Today, Target Corporation is a champion of web accessibility. Hereâs Jason Goldberger, Targetâs Chief Digital Officer and president of Target.com in 2016 explaining what he was most proud of, following a decade of work to make Target.com accessible and ADA-compliant:
⊠I regularly hear colleagues from many different teams talking about accessibility unprompted, and working it into their plans without any reminders from us. Itâs become part of everyday conversation, and thatâs pretty amazing because it wasnât always the case. Thinking about those with disabilities is an integral part of the digital team, and to me and other blind guests, itâs another part of what makes Target special.
While accessibility can be very technical in its implementation, this is the big picture of what it supports and enables: a positive company culture in tune with the needs of its customers and potential customers as people.
How To Get a WordPress ADA-Compliant Website
Now you have a general understanding of what the Americans with Disabilities Act is and why itâs so important. Next, weâll look at how you can make your WordPress site compliant.
Here are the four things you need to do to get there.
1. Learn What An ADA-Compliant WordPress Site Looks Like
The United States Department of Justice hasnât yet released or published any official compliance guidelines for the ADA. However, it does give some solid recommendations.
Get Familiar With WCAG
In particular, the ADA highly encourages every organization to follow the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), 2.0 level AA.
These guidelines explicitly state that all site visitors must be able to perceive every piece of information that appears on your WordPress site. To do this, site owners need to provide alternatives to the media riding on their sites.
Video Subtitles
Look at YouTube as an example. Since ADA compliance became required, they automatically provide subtitles for all video and audio content hosted and played back on the platform.
Visitors to your site also need to be able to understand all of your content. In order to address this concern, it often helps to provide added guidance on how users can interact with specific areas of your site.
Accessible Forms
For example, you could consider using suggested input prompts to help clarify the information that site users need to enter into your contact forms.
Beyond that, if a user puts wrong information into a form, try to provide simple recommendations for things they can do to fix these input errors.
Doing this is a lot more helpful (and accessible) than displaying only a generic error message with user input that isnât valid.
Support Screen Readers and Keyboard Navigation
You probably already have some site visitors that are interacting with your site using screen readers. For people doing this, descriptive alt text is extremely helpful for them to understand the images displayed on your WordPress site.
Individuals with manual or visual dexterity issues often find it much easier to interact with websites by using navigational controls like a keypad or keyboard. For users doing this, youâll want to have a consistent and clear structure of site navigation.
You could also provide visual indications of elements that are currently in focus. These elements will be activated the next time your site visitor performs an action, such as pressing the âReturnâ key on their keyboard.
2. Do an ADA Compliance Review To See Where You Currently Stand
Accessibility isnât a simple topic. In fact, itâs a huge topic that involves many different design ad interface elements used to create a WordPress site thatâs more user-friendly. If a website owner overlooks only one accessibility-related factor, it can easily prevent a site user (and potential customer) from having a positive experience on their site.
To help determine how ADA-compliant your website already is, the best thing to use is a web accessibility evaluation tool.
Website Accessibility Evaluation (WAVE)
A good place to start assessing your siteâs user experience (UX) quality in light of accessibility standards is a suite of tools called Website Accessibility Evaluation (WAVE). WAVE will scan your WordPress site and list all the potential problems with accessibility. This is an incredibly valuable tool to use that helps identify the huge range of issues that could impact site usability.
When viewing this list from WAVE, youâll be able to click on accompanying icons to get more information about each accessibility error that has been detected. The tool will even suggest resources for you that will provide even more insight into each issue with usability.
Unfortunately, WAVE is a limited tool that can only scan a single webpage at a time. To accelerate the process of scanning your entire WordPress site, itâs a good idea to install WAVE for Firefox or WAVE for Chrome extensions (depending on the browser you prefer).
The extensions will allow you to run WAVE on every webpage you are currently viewing.
3. Always Follow WordPress ADA-Compliant Best Practices When Creating Accessible Sites
After youâve tested the accessibility of your site and compiled the results, itâs time to address each individual issue that youâve identified.
Itâs imperative that you take full stock of your siteâs content. Consider if youâre able to provide alternative media outputs for what youâve already published.
Whenever possible, try to provide professionally-transcribed subtitles for all of your video and audio content.
Transcription Services
If youâre not able to have your content transcribed by a professional, there are some software tools that will auto-generate the captions for you.
Unfortunately, some of them are a bit sloppy and inaccurate at times. But if using transcribing software tools is your only option, itâs better than not providing any transcribing of your content.
Youâll also want to provide written text alternatives to your WordPress siteâs visuals. This incredibly useful practice greatly benefits all users experiencing your website through accessibility tools such as screen readers.
ALT Text and Images
In WordPress, itâs simple to add descriptive alt text to your images and visuals right in the Media Library.
In addition, many WordPress site owners seeking ADA compliance have found that itâs best to avoid including text within your website images. Large amounts of text in images will make it more difficult to describe your graphics to the visually impaired using only your alt text.
Instead, consider whether you could build a similar effect using code. As an example, you could add the info youâre attempting to convey as plain text. Then use CSS to style it.
Contrast Ratios
To fully support site visitors that are impaired visually, itâs a good idea to maintain a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for all text. Youâll also want to make all text resizable up to 200%.
The challenge youâll have is providing this kind of flexibility without affecting the functionality of your site. This will likely require that you do a lot of usability testing before making your changes live.
If you want to learn more about accessibility issues that impact your site, running all of your site content through the WAVE tool is important. Then, take time to read all of the resources that WAVE suggests.
The guidelines set by the WCAG are widely accepted as the industry standard when it comes to accessibility. But itâs a good idea to also look at the accessibility checklist from WebAIM. This tool aims to condense WCAG 2.1 official specifications.
4. Install Plugins That Improve WordPress ADA Compliance
Many different plugins and tools in the WordPress repository promise to lead you toward WordPress ADA compliance. For example, you can quickly scan your entire website for issues with accessibility by using WP ADA Compliance Check Basic.
WP ADA Compliance Check Basic
This useful plugin suggests resources that give more info about each issue it detects, much like the WAVE tool. But with this, youâll also get a direct link to the affected code. This is extremely useful when you need to resolve complex issues with accessibility.
Another tool to consider is the Accessibility Checker plugin. This plugin attempts to be the WordPress-specific version of WAVE while allowing you to scan your entire WordPress site from within the dashboard.
Equalize Digital Accessibility Checker
As a WordPress website owner, there are many different ways to make a site thatâs more accessible. However, choosing the wrong theme to run your site on can override all of your efforts.
The WordPress.org theme repository is filled with themes that are designed by professionals. However, even the most experienced WordPress designers sometimes overlook important principles related to ADA compliance and accessibility.
WP Accessibility
To help resolve this issue, the WP Accessibility plugin will address issues that occur within WordPress themes. After you download and activate the plugin, youâll want to navigate to Settings > WP Accessibility within the WordPress dashboard.
Once there, youâll see various settings that are related to site accessibility that you can turn off and on. This will depend on how your theme is set up.
The settings will include adding an outline to the link :focus state for improved keyboard navigation and providing more information about image content using longdesc.
Donât Use an Accessibility Overlay!
Itâs important to remember that there are no true plug-and-play solutions that will create a completely accessible, ADA-compliant website. Some plugins may claim to be plug-and-play, but itâs not possible. Compliance plugins are perfect for scanning sites for issues and making tweaks to improve the issues. But watch out for plugins that try to use an overlay approach.
Also, watch out for plugins that claim they offer 100% WordPress ADA compliance just by downloading and activating the plugin.
These âaccessibility overlaysâ should be avoided. Learn more about why they donât work over at OverlayFactSheet.com.
Itâs Time To Create a WordPress Site Thatâs ADA-Compliant
Making your WordPress site accessible to everyone is obviously the right thing to do as a site owner. But, it will also protect you from potential legal ramifications.
And by making sure that your site is ADA-compliant, youâll automatically grow your potential base of customers.
To recap the steps to take for creating a WordPress ADA-compliant site:
- Understand what a website thatâs already ADA-compliant looks like.
- Review your own site to understand how compliant it already is. This can be done using a WAVE tool (Website Accessibility Evaluation).
- Follow the already-proven best practices for building websites that are accessible.
- Install WordPress plugins like WP Accessibility and WP ADA Compliance Check Basic.
At that point, youâll be well on your way to owning a WordPress ADA-compliant website that your users will love.
Dan Knauss is StellarWPâs Technical Content Generalist. Heâs been a writer, teacher, and freelancer working in open source since the late 1990s and with WordPress since 2004.
